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Abstract
Solid particles such as sand in produced oil and gas can cause severe erosion damage even resulting in failure. Often
production rates are limited or sand screens are used to limit the severity of erosion damage caused by the sand. However, even when applying these methods decisions such as determining the allowable (threshold) production rate or sand screen size must be made. The American Petroleum InstituteRecommended Practice 14E (API RP 14E) is often used by oil and gas producers to calculate an erosional flowstream velocity. However, this guideline does not consider sand nor does it account for many of the factors that affect erosion. A model has been developed that account for factors such as geometry type, size, and material; fluid properties and rate; and sand size, shape, and density. Additionally, this method accounts for multiphase flow conditions. Comparison of the model with API RP 14E shows that API RP 14E is too conservative for high superficial liquid velocities but is not conservative enough for low superficial liquid velocities.
