【论文题目】 ROCK PHYSICS AND 3-D SEISMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITIES TO IMPROVE RECOVERY EFFICIENCY
【论文作者】 Mario Augusto Gutiérrez
【院校】 STANFORD UNIVERSITY
【时间】 2001
【内容简介】 I provide a rock physics and seismic characterization of structural,depositional and diagenetical reservoir heterogeneities, from the pore to the field scale, of Tertiary fluvial sandstones in the mature giant La Cira-Infantas oil field. I introduce various applications of theoretical rock physics and geological interpretation of 3-D seismic data to improve recovery factor in oil and gas fields. The approach is presented in three parts: (1) Description and analysis of structural heterogeneities, (2) study of heterogeneities associated with depositional and diagenetical processes, and (3) analysis of pore-fluid effect on elastic properties.
【目录】 Abstract .............................................................................................................................iv
Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................vi
Contents...........................................................................................................................vii
List of Figures...........................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................1
1.1 Definition of the Problem ..................................................................................1
1.2 Reservoir Heterogeneities and Recovery Efficiency .....................................1
1.3 Remaining Oil in Mature Fields .......................................................................... 2
1.4 La Cira-Infantas Oil Field...................................................................................3
1.5 3-D Seismology and Rock Physics .................................................................4
1.6 Description of Chapters .................................................................................. 5
1.7 References............................................................................................................ 6
Chapter 2
3-D Seismic Interpretation of Structural Heterogeneities in the Mature Giant Field La Cira-Infantas, Middle Magdalena Valley Basin .....................................8
2.1Abstract ..................................................................................................................8
2.2Introduction.............................................................................................................9
2.2.1 Research Motivation.......................................................................................9
2.2.2 Location of the Study Area.............................................................................10
2.2.3 Regional Setting .............................................................................................10
Tectonics and Structural Geology ................................................................... 12
Stratigraphic Summary.................................................................................... 12
2.2.4 La Cira-Infantas Oil Field..............................................................................15
2.2.5 Data and Methodology ................................................................................... 16
2.3 La Cira-Infantas Structural Configuration ............................................................ 19
2.3.1 Early Tertiary Structures ................................................................................ 19
2.3.2 Late Tertiary Structures .................................................................................. 21
viii
Folds ................................................................................................................21
La Cira Anticline.............................................................................................21
Infantas Anticline ............................................................................................24
Thrust and Reverse Faults ...............................................................................24
Infantas Fault System......................................................................................24
La Cira Fault ...................................................................................................27
Northern La Cira Fault ....................................................................................28
Normal Faults..................................................................................................28
Longitudinal Fault Pattern...............................................................................29
Oblique Fault Pattern ......................................................................................29
2.4 Slip Distribution on Normal Faults .......................................................................31
2.4.1 Normal Faults and Slip Distribution ...............................................................31
2.4.2 Northern La Cira Area ....................................................................................33
2.5 Structural Style ......................................................................................................39
2.5.1 Evidence of Wrenching...................................................................................40
En Echelon folds .............................................................................................41
Normal Faults..................................................................................................43
Conjugate Strike-Slip Faults ...........................................................................45
Thrust and Reverse Faults ...............................................................................45
Parallelism of Zone With Documented Wrench Faults ..................................45
2.6 Phases of Deformation ..........................................................................................46
2.7 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................51
2.8 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................53
2.9 References .............................................................................................................53
Chapter 3
Stratigraphy-Guided Rock Physics and Seismic Reservoir Characterization...........59
3.1 Abstract..................................................................................................................59
3.2 Introduction ...........................................................................................................60
3.2.1 Research Motivation .......................................................................................60
3.2.2 La Cira-Infantas Oil Field Reservoirs .............................................................61
3.2.3 Data and Methodology....................................................................................63
ix
3.3 Rock Physics Effects and Reservoir Quality ....................................................... 65
3.3.1 Porosity Effect ................................................................................................ 68
Core-based Analysis ....................................................................................... 69
3.3.2 Clay Effect...................................................................................................... 72
Core-based Analysis ....................................................................................... 73
3.3.3 Texture and Composition Effect .................................................................... 73
Effect of Sorting on Elastic Velocity Experimental Data.............................. 76
Effect of Sorting on Elastic Velocity Theory ................................................ 81
3.3.4 Application of Theoretical Rock Physics Models to Synthetic Data ............. 89
3.4 Stratigraphy-constrained Rock Physics Model for Reservoir Quality Prediction 90
3.4.1 Cycles in Stratigraphy .................................................................................... 91
3.4.2 Mugrosa Formation Reservoirs (Zones B and C)........................................... 92
3.4.3 Colorado Formation Reservoirs (Zone A).................................................... 100
3.5 Seismic Imaging of Fluvial Reservoirs............................................................... 105
3.5.1 Fluvial Reservoirs......................................................................................... 105
3.5.2 Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy.............................................................. 107
3.5.3 Seismic Inversion ......................................................................................... 108
Seismic Impedance Volume Practical Implications .................................... 109
Stratigraphic Interpretation........................................................................... 110
3.6 Reservoir Quality from Seismic Data .................................................................. 110
3.6.1 Summary of Effects on Reservoir Quality and Elastic Properties................ 112
Type of Deposit Mapping............................................................................. 116
Flow Unit Mapping ...................................................................................... 117
Reservoir Quality Prediction ........................................................................ 120
3.7 Conclusions......................................................................................................... 123
3.8 Acknowledgments............................................................................................... 123
3.9 References........................................................................................................... 124
Appendix 1 Effective Medium Models for Granular Composites........................... 131
x
Chapter 4
Bypassed Oil Identification and Reservoir Monitoring Using Open- and Cased-hole
Sonic Logging, La Cira-Infantas Oil Field ..................................................................136
4.1 Abstract................................................................................................................136
4.2 Introduction .........................................................................................................137
4.2.1 Research motivation......................................................................................137
4.2.2 Cased-hole logging for detecting bypassed oil .............................................137
4.2.3 Full-waveform sonic logging ........................................................................138
4.2.4 Data and methodology ..................................................................................139
4.3 Pore Fluid Effect..................................................................................................140
4.4 Hydrocarbon Identification and Reservoir Monitoring.......................................144
4.5 Conclusions .........................................................................................................149
4.6 Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................149
4.7 References ...........................................................................................................149
