2012中石油职称英语试卷及参考答案（题号：08）
试卷一
I. Vocabulary
Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each
sentence you will see four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer
that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
1. German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world's
ten-largest languages __ population.
A. in place of B. by means of C. in terms of D. by way of
2. Four score and seven years ago our fathers __ on this continent a new nation.
A. brought out B. brought forth C. brought about D. brought up
3. The taxi had to because the traffic light had turned red.
A. set up B. catch up C. shut up D. pull up
4. There are no extremes of temperature on South Island. Summers are warm, not
hot, and winters are brisk __ freezing.
A. in spite of B. other than C. rather than D. regardless of
5. After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided
to settle there
A. in turn B. for good C. as usual D. at most
6. Generous public funding of basic science would __ considerable benefits for
the country's health, wealth and security.
A. result from B. lie in C. lead to D. figure out
7. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any __ of what I said.
A. notice B. warning C. observation D. attention
8. Our company decided to __ the contract because a number of the conditions
in it had not been met.
A. destroy B. forbidden C. assume D. cancel
9. We'll visit Australia next year __ we have enough money.
A. provided B. unless C. until D. lest
10. Scientists are about the formation of coal.
A. confidential B. confer C. confident D. conform
11. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, defended the right of every
citizen to freedom of choice in religion.
A. peculiarly B. indifferently C. vigorously D. inevitably
12. The Great Wall is a famous tourist , drawing millions of visitors every year.
A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement
13. Purchasing the new production line will be a __ deal for the corporation.
A. profitable B. tremendous C. forceful D. favorite
14. He felt a bit because her life seemed completely out of balance.
A. depressed B. suppress C. thoughtful D. weakness
15. Some people wait for__ to come knocking. Some people sought it out.
A. necessity B. opportunity C. reality D. probability
16. Some younger workers assume older workers can't keep __ with
fast-changing technology and business pressures.
A. pace B. step C. progress D. touch
17. If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for __ and
forming a new plan of action.
A. result B. solutions C. response D. settlement
18. The lead pencil is the simplest, most and least expensive of all writing
instruments.
A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. standard
19. Now insurance companies are near the top of the __ of the biggest business in
the United States.
A. chart B. form C. list D. table
20. Sales-promotion methods, to be effective, should be with local preference.
A. consistent B. continuous C. considerate D. continual
II. Grammatical Structure
Directions: There are some incomplete sentences in this part. Beneath each
sentence you will see Jbur choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer
that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
21. The old man soaked his hands in the cold water and __ to keep his head clear.
A. tried B. trying C. being tried D. was tried
22. Smith was very busy last week. Otherwise he to see you.
A. came B. would come C. had come D. would have come
23. With all the things she needed ~ she would leave the market for the streets
of the town to spend another hour.
A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to have bought
24. I appreciated __ the opportunity to work abroad three years ago.
A. having been given B. having given
C. to have been given D. to have given
25. He has won the first place, __ is clear from the expressions on his face.
A. that B. as C. what D. when
26. Only later what a terrible thing had happened.
A. they have realized B. did they realize
C. they realized D. they realize
27. __ planes in flight between airports, air traffic controllers rely on radar.
A. Tracked B. To track C. Being tracked D. The tracking of
28. I wish Bob would drive us to the airport but he has __ to take us all.
A. very small a car B. too small a car
C. a too small car D. such a small car
29. He is taller than
A. any other boy in the class B. any boy in the class
C. all boys in the class D. you and me as well as the class
30. Physics as well as other subjects __ a science.
A. was B. is C. are D. belong to
31. "I always get confused about tipping in this country."
"Usually you __ to leave 15 percent for a waiter or waitress. Taxi drivers
expect 10 or 15 percent, too."
A. ought B. should C. might D. can
32. millions of galaxies exist in the vast space outside the Milky Way.
A. It is estimated that B. An estimate that
C. That is estimated D. That the estimate
33. As resident of Texas, Dennis __ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and
to the Senate in 1938.
A. when elected B. elected
C. who was elected D. was elected
34. The instructions are too clear on the bottle: These tablets __ they are able to
make about twenty different sounds.
A. will be kept B. are to be kept
C. shall keep D. shall have kept
35. Green have the power to make food from substances found in the air and
soil.
A. only plants B. plants alone
C. the only plants D. plants are alone
36. China and America are separated by __
A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pacific Ocean
C. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans
37. "I don't like your attitude." "I don't care __
A. if or not you like it B. whether you like it or not
C. do you like it or not D. you like it or not
38. __ I go on holiday, I always seem to be unlucky with the weather.
A. Where B. How C. Whenever D. While
39. Many live in Hawaii, more than __ of whose people boast on Asian or
Polynesian heritage.
A. two-thirds B. two-third C. second-third D. two-three
40. It is the earth's 40 mile deep crust with __ we are concerned when we seek
the cause of earthquake.
A. that B. what C. which D. whom
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: There are 5passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A, B, C and D. You shouM decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the
Answer Sheet.
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:
Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some
type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light
or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.
One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab,
that familiar beach-dweller with the overgrown claw. Biologists have long known
that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then
begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for
protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a
simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day
and lose it at night.
But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, he was
amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the
same accuracy.
Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest color
about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the
tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs
were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal
rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached
its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring
island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than
the Cape Cod tides.
Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring
migrations. What the birds really have is a clock-like mechanism which allows them
to time hours of darkness or light in each day.
But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert
Wolfson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of remm flight
is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights
cause the "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation
for their spring remm and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock
"ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day
during the winter determines how fast the clock will mn, and hence when the
"alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through
breeding time, then stops--to be re-wound again the next fall.
Scientists are now learning that many of the clocks of nature can be reset,
speeded up or slowed down--all for our benefit. Pioneering experiments at the U. S.
Department of Agriculture's research center in Beltsville, Maryland, have shown
that plants can be helped to develop faster in less time. By increasing or lessening
the hours of darkness in each day, the scientists have been able to mm plant growth
off and on like an electric switch.
New knowledge about nature's living clocks has practical applications. For man,
too, seems to follow daily rhythms. The amount of sugar in our blood stream varies
with the time of day, as does our temperature. More of the cells in our skin and
muscles divide during the night hours than during the day. By tinkering with the
clocks of plants and animals, scientists may learn more about the fascinating way
our bodies work.
41. Although scientists know that the number of hours of daylight controls the
actions of some living things, they know that this is not the only factor because
A. the fiddler crab's shell reached the darkest color at the same time in Cape
Cod, Massachusetts and its neighboring island
B. the fiddler crab continued to change color in the dark
C. plants will not grow without sunlight
D. all of the above
42. From this article we conclude that these rhythms in nature occur most
spectacularly __
A. in the higher orders of living things
B. in the lower orders of living things
C. in birds and animals
~:i~ ~: 08
D. in man
43. Scientists have learned to control to some extent the naturally rhythmical
activities of
A. migrating birds
B. growing plants
C. body cells
D. fiddler crabs
44. This article is basically __
A. informational
B. entertaining
C. inspirational
D. controversial
Questions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:
There are several ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to
Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to
conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and
thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.
Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to
several of the following bad listening habits:
Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker is
going to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You mm off your ears--and
who knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subject
may come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?
Over-My-Head Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you,
so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong.
If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they
make sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen
and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an
over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.
Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of
facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your
school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try to
memorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind,
repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for
main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.
Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker's
words on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are
unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points.
Where note-taking is necessary--and you may be surprised to find out how often it
isn't if you concentrate fully on listening--try to jot down only a memory-jogging
word or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more
complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.
Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker
looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you
decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That
could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old
story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard
him out.
So there are the forces--some within ourselves, some outside--that work
against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight
them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.
45. The author suggests that it is a serious mistake
A. to ignore a speaker whose subject seems to be beyond you
B. to stop listening when the speaker's voice is not clear
C. to look away from the speaker
D. to do anything physical while listening
46. The author advises against
A. taking notes
B. trying to remember details rather than main ideas
C. listening too intently
D. reviewing the material after the speech is finished
47. Although this article is directed to the listener a speaker could conclude from it
that
A. he should never choose a controversial topic
B. he should speak as quickly as possible
C. humor is a necessary part of a good speech
D. his manner, actions, voice, and appearance should not attract unfavorable
attention
48. A person with several bad listening habits would be considered by Dr.
Nichols
A. hopeless
B. normal
C. a difficult case
D. lazy
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:
An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. Crude oil, or
petroleum--a dark, thick ooze from the earth--had been known for hundreds of
years. But little use had ever been made of it. In the 1850's Samuel M. Kier, a
manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage
and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing
impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which
was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People
began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by Ei. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859
he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture seemed so
impractical and foolish that onlookers called it "Drake's Folly." But when he had
drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to yield 20
barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake's success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early
1860's these wildcatters were drilling for "black gold" all over western Pennsylvania.
The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West
atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.
Crude oil could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene
continued to be the principal one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In
the 1880's and 1890's refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes
and lubricating oils. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.
49. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective
B. The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly
C. Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted
D. Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel
50. According to the passage, many people initially thought that E. L. Drake had
made a mistake by
A. going on a whaling expedition
B. moving to Pennsylvania
C. searching for oil
D. retiring from his job
~i~ ~fd: 08
51. Why does the author mention the California gold rush?
A. To explain the need for an increased supply of gold
B. To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth
C. To describe the mood when oil was first discovered
D. To argue that gold was more valuable than oil
52. The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil
EXCEPT.
A. gasoline
B. kerosene
C. wax
D. plastic
Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:
Supervisors Quarterly Meeting
October 25
8:32 -- VP Hamilton begins the meeting and notes that six people are present.
8:35 -- Hamilton gives quarterly performance briefing by department.
Human Resources: The number of employee complaints this quarter was
very low. Employee satisfaction events have been very successful.
Accounting: Both company and customer paperwork was completed very
slowly this quarten The new Q-Form system does not work very well.
Sales: Sales were down this quarter. Many new customers opened contracts
with the company; however, several larger old accounts were lost.
Design: Several new employees were hired this quarter and they have
produced very good work. However, the rate of production needs to
increase.
8:58 The meeting is opened for discussion. Sales Supervisor James suggests that
Sales could design a program of benefits for loyal customers.
9:02 -- Accounting Supervisor Thomas says that Accounting has a program for
keeping track of customer satisfaction and offers assistance.
9:12 James thanks Thomas for the offer and suggests that they meet to discuss it.
9:15 Hamilton asks if there is any more discussion.
9:17 -- Hamilton adjourns the meeting.
53. How long did the meeting last?
A. An hour.
B. A quarter of an hour.
C. Three quarters of an hour.
D. Forty minutes.
54. How many different people spoke at the meeting?
A. Six.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
55. Which department did not receive any criticism during the briefing?
A. Human Resources.
B. Accounting.
C. Sales.
D. Design.
56. What problem will James try to solve before the next quarterly meeting?
A. Work is not being produced fast enough.
B. Paperwork is being done too slowly.
C. More new employees need to be hired.
D. Loyal customers are not being satisfied.
Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:
Only one generation ago, Mauritania's capital city was many days' walk from
the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. The sand blows through the city streets and
piles up against walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the eye can see.
In some parts of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil, all the trees have been cut
down. The earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun. Nothing grows there anymore.
Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life
are disappearing. Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert or
desert-like. About 628 million people---one out of seven--live in these dry regions.
In the past, they have managed to survive, but with difficulty. Now, largely through
problems caused by modem life, their existence is threatened by the slow, steady
spread of the earth's deserts.
Many countries are experiencing similar problems. Poor land is farmed until it
is worn out, and trees are cut for firewood, leaving the soil unprotected against wind
and rain. In Peru, Chile, and Brazil, some areas that once were covered with forests
now look like the moon. In India, some land has been so badly damaged by farming
and tree cutting that mud now slides into the Indus and Ganges rivers. Cattle, sheep,
and goats add to the problem by eating grass and other plants faster than they can
grow back. In the United States, some highly populated areas (such as Los Angeles)
are really deserts. Water must be piped in from hundreds of miles away--and this
affects the water supply of other California communities.
Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert, but
there have been many ideas for saving the land. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million
trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas. The Israelis are again using
some of the water collection systems left by the ancient peoples in the Negev desert.
They plan to water their orchards with the extra water. Some Sahel farmers still raise
cattle on their poor farm land, but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener
lands in the south to get fat.
57. According to paragraph 1 what has happened in Mauritania?
A. The Sahara has spread until it has reached Maunt a ma capital.
B. Nothing has happened
C. It takes many days to walk through the Sahara.
D. Mauritania has moved its capital city into the Sahara.
58. In paragraph 3, "one out of seven" refers to
A. the number of people who live in dry regions.
B. the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-like.
C. more than a third of the land's earth
D. both A and C.
59. Paragraph 4 says "trees are cut for firewood." This is an example of
A. Peru's problems.
B. India's problems.
C. California's problems.
D. both A and B. "
60. In paragraph 5 "they are taken to the greener lands in the south. They refers to
A. the Sahel farm land.
B. the farmers.
C. the cattle.
D. both B and C.
08
Section B
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are
four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shouM choose the ONE that best fits into the
passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Alfred Nobel, 61 of dynamite, was born in Sweden on October 21, 1833. In
1842, he moved to Russia, where he was educated. But he spent most of his time in
Paris, where he studied chemistry. 62 his return from Paris, he began his study of
explosives in his father's laboratory.
Being inventive and imaginative, in 1867, he 63 inventing a new explosive,
dynamite, which made him world-famous. During his life time, he took more than
100 patents. But he was not interested in 64, he was most generous 65 the poor.
His 66 wish was to bring happiness and peace to the whole world. That was why he
had devoted 67 his time and money 68 this cause and at his death in 1896, Alfred
Nobel, in his famous 69, 70 all his money $9,200,200 to set up a fund to provide
prizes for the most outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine,
literature, peace and economics.
61. A. an inventor B. the inventor C. invented D. inventing
62. A. Before B. After C. When D. While
63. A. failed to B. succeeded in C. liked D. was interested in
64. A. making a living B. making money
C. becoming poor D. earning a living
65. A. to B. of C. for D. on
66. A. only B. well C. one D. barely
67. A. a little of B. little of C. much of D. many of
68. A. for B. to C. at D. in
69. A. will B. speech C. story D. invention
70. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. to be
试卷二
IV. Translation
Directions: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the
passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
71. (!)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the
concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that
petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not.
Guesses that petroleum is formed by the transformation of highly compressed
organic material is already well known among the scientific community. If the
petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then
present exploration methods would need extensive modification.
~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to
aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas,
admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did
was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The Russian State Oil Company is
under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim
to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique.
There are many examples of the previous case, and some scientists argue that
drilling according to a set of scientific data has the same outcome as drilling
randomly.
(~)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and
production. Leaving aside atypical (t~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now
involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills.
These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in
the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical
surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is
most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the
most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.
71. (~)Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the
concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.
~Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to
aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas,
admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did
was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. There are many examples of the
previous case, and some scientists argue that drilling according to a set of scientific
data has the same outcome as drilling randomly.
~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and
production. Leaving aside atypical (tg~,~) enterprises, petroleum exploration now
involves integrated teams of people possessing a wide range of professional skills.
These skills include deep knowledge of local social situations, which is involved in
the purchase of potential oil fields especially in developing countries. Geophysical
surveying is involved in collecting data that helps people decide where drilling is
most appropriate. Petroleum engineering is concerned with activities related to the
most effective way of producing crude oil and natural gas.
试卷二 （类型09）
IV. Translation
Directions: There are sorne passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the
passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.
A~:
71. (~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the
concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that
petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not.
Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in
sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum
geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present
exploration methods would need extensive modification.
(~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to
aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was
determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they
were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. Saudi Arabian
Oil Company is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the
test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated
scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued
that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific
principles.
~Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and
production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable
and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These
skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of
potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is
involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based
on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the
distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of
producing it.
B~:
71. (~)Geologists, contrary to normal working folks, believe that knowledge of the
concepts of geology can help to find petroleum.
~)Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to
aid them in their search. In 1975 a well-known oil researcher from Dallas, Texas was
determined in not allowing geologists join his team, because he believed that they
were too expensive and decreased his profits per barrel significantly. These
examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found
by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.
(~)Petroleum geology is only one aspect of petroleum exploration and
production. The task of finding petroleum in modem times requires a knowledgeable
and varying group of professionals to work together to achieve the same goal. These
skills include political and social expertise, which is involved in the purchase of
potential oil fields especially in unstable countries. Geophysical surveying is
involved in preparing the initial data on which drilling recommendations are based
on. Petroleum engineering is concerned with establishing the reserves of a field, the
distribution of petroleum within the reservoir, and the most effective way of
producing it.
14
