联合国培训研究署对各国分类标准比较研究后推荐的分类标准(第二届国际重质油沥青砂学术会议)分类 第一指标 第二指标
μ
o* /mPa.s (15.6℃) ρ
o/g.cm
-3 60℉(15.6℃)API度
重质油 100~10 000 0.934~1.000 20~10
沥青 >10 000 >1.000 <10
注:*者指油层温度下的脱气油粘度,用油样测定或计算出
中国稠油分类标准 稠油分类 主要指标 辅助指标 开采方式
名称 类别 粘度mPa.s 密度(20℃) g/cm3
普通稠油 Ⅰ 50*(或100)~10000 >0.9200
亚类Ⅰ-1 50*~150* >0.9200 可先注水
Ⅰ-2 150*~10000 >0.9200 热采
特稠油 Ⅱ 10000~50000 >0.9500 热采
超稠油 Ⅲ >50000 >0.9800 热采
注:*指油层条件下粘度;无*者指油层温度下脱气油粘度
美国能源部(DOE)按API度对稠油的分类(1991年) 分类 API度 地下粘度(mPa.s)
轻质原油(Light) >31.1
中质原油(Medium) 22.3-31.1
重油(Heavy) 10-22.3
超稠油(Extra-Heavy) <10 <10000
沥青(Bitumen) <10 >10000
Definitions
Petroleum Types:
Light oil, also called conventional oil, has an API gravity of at least 22° and a viscosity less than 100 centipoise (cP).
Heavy oil is an asphaltic, dense (low API gravity), and viscous oil that is chemically characterized by its content of asphaltenes (very large molecules incorporating most of the sulfur and perhaps 90 percent of the metals in the oil). Although variously defined, the upper limit for heavy oil has been set at 22° API gravity and a viscosity of 100 cP.
Extra-heavy oil is that portion of heavy oil having an API gravity of less than 10°.
Natural bitumen, also called tar sands or oil sands, shares the attributes of heavy oil but is yet more dense and viscous. Natural bitumen is oil having a viscosity greater than 10,000 cP.
Other Terms:
Viscosity is a measure of the fluid's resistance to flow. It varies greatly with temperature. Viscosity matters to producers because the oil's viscosity at reservoir temperature determines how easily oil flows to the well for extraction.
Density is a measure of mass per unit volume and interests refiners because it is an indicator of yield from distillation. Oil density is expressed in degrees of API gravity, a standard of the American Petroleum Institute. API gravity is computed as (141.5/sp g) - 131.5, where sp g is the specific gravity of the oil at 60°F.
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