为活跃石油外语板块的积极性，决定推出【每日一词】活动 [复制链接]

【每日一词】之aquifer、hydrogeology——摘自SPE
                                                                    aquifer：含水层
                                  hydrogeology：水文地质学
    An aquifer is a wet underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology.

【每日一词】之kelly——摘自SPE
                                                kelly：方钻杆
    pipe also transmits the rotary motion to the bit from a turntable at the surface. The top piece of the drill pipe is a tube of square (or occasionally six- or eight-sided) cross section called the kelly. The kelly passes through a similarly shaped hole in the turntable. At the bottom end of the drill pipe are extra-heavy sections called drill collars, which serve to concentrate the weight on.

很不错，常用的就好了。

【每日一词】之rolling cutter bit ——摘自SPE
                                                rolling cutter bit ：牙轮钻头
The utility model discloses a rolling cutter bit with thrust bearing on which some spiral grooves machined providing the improvement of the rolling cutter bit with thrust bearing of the downhole well drilling tool. The thrust bearing is characterized in that a plurality of spiral blind grooves are arranged on the thrusting face of the axis of the tooth claw from outside to inside.

【每日一词】之Igneous ——摘自http://en.wikipedia.org                                                
                                                    Igneous:火成岩
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word igneus meaning of fire, from ignis meaning fire) is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.

Different cementing Solutions

•Gas Migration Prevention – addressing the potential invasion of gas or liquid from the formation in a manner so that channels are not created in the cemented annular space between the formation and the casing.
•Heavyweight Cement – heavyweight additives are used to increase slurry density for control of highly pressured wells.
•Life of the Well – achieving the optimum balance of chemical and mechanical properties, tensile and compressive strength, that enables the cement sheath to retain integrity throughout drilling, completion, production operations and ultimately abandonment.
•Lightweight Cement – situations with lost-circulation and weak formations with low fracture gradients require the use of low-density cement systems (<15 lb/gal) to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column during cement placement.
•Lost Circulation – Not to be confused with a cement slurry volume decrease due to fluid-loss filtration, lost circulation is when a cement slurry (or drilling fluid) does not circulate back to the surface during cementing operations and is instead lost to fractured, vulgar, cavernous or highly-porous formations.
•Plug Cementing – cement plugs are set for a variety of reasons, most commonly for abandonment, temporary abandonment, testing, sidetracking, lost-circulation control, or remedial work.
•Self-Healing Cement – Halliburton offers a class of expanding cement that works on the premise that the migrating fluids react with the cement, causing it to respond by expanding to automatically seal the flow path, helping prevent further fluid migration.
•Squeeze Cementing – An operation involving the injection of cement into a problematic section of the well at a desired location.  
•Tuned® Cements / Slurries – Halliburton’s continuous advancements in cementing technology includes families of slurries designed to mitigate major wellbore-condition challenges facing the industry.  
•Unconventional Reservoir Wells – To help improve well economics in unconventional reservoirs it is important to evaluate wellbore architecture – including the cement sheath – as integral to well performance and total recovery.