norwaychen |
2007-11-16 17:47 |
硕士论文-BJORN GJORV-Well control procedures for extended reach wells-pdf
【论文题目】Well control procedures for extended reach wells 【论文作者】BJORN GJORV 【院校】 Texas A&M University 【时间】 August 2003 【内容简介】 The limits of directional drilling continue to be pushed back as horizontal or near-horizontal reservoir sections are being drilled, cased, cemented and completed to tap reserves at extreme distances. Continuous development of new technology and adopting a technical-limit approach to performance delivery are key elements for the success and further development of extended-reach drilling projects. For this study a two-phase well control simulator was used to evaluate different kick scenarios that are likely to occur in extended-reach wells. An extensive simulation study covering a vide range of variables has been performed. Based on this investigation together with a literature review, well-control procedures have been developed for extended-reach wells. The most important procedures are as follows: Perform a "hard" shut-in when a kick is detected and confirmed. Record the pressures and pit gain, and start to circulate immediately using the Driller's Method. Start circulating with a high kill rate to remove the gas from the horizontal section. Slow down the kill circulation rate to 1/2 to 1/3 of normal drilling rate when the choke pressure starts to increase rapidly. The simulator has been used to validate the procedures. 【目录】 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION.................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ ix LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................... x INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 Introduction to Extended Reach Drilling (ERD)............................................................ 1 BP's Wytch Farm oilfield ............................................................................................... 2 Well-control challenges in ERD wells ........................................................................... 3 Simulating wellbore pressures during a kill procedure .................................................. 5 WELL CONTROL METHODS........................................................................................ 6 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 6 Kick causes ..................................................................................................................... 7 Kick detection and verification....................................................................................... 9 Shut-in procedures ........................................................................................................ 10 Circulation kill techniques and procedures .................................................................. 11 OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDURES............................................................................. 13 Research objectives ...................................................................................................... 13 Procedures .................................................................................................................... 13 TWO-PHASE WELL CONTROL SIMULATOR.......................................................... 14 Description of the simulator ......................................................................................... 14 Simulator input ............................................................................................................. 14 Simulator output ........................................................................................................... 16 Simulation procedures .................................................................................................. 18 SIMULATION RESULTS FOR THE EXTENDED REACH WELLS ......................... 19 Effect of varying kick sizes and true vertical depth ..................................................... 19 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 19 Discussion of the results............................................................................................. 19 Effect of varying water depth and kick size ................................................................. 21 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 21 Discussion of the results............................................................................................. 22 Effect of varying kick sizes and circulation rates for different hole sizes.................... 24 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 24 Discussion of the results............................................................................................. 25 Effect of varying kick intensity for different water depths .......................................... 30 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 30 Discussion of the results............................................................................................. 31 GAS REMOVAL IN HIGHLY INCLINED AND HORIZONTAL WELLBORES...... 32 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 32 Recommendations for gas removal in ERD wells........................................................ 32 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................... 34 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 34 Effect of kick size......................................................................................................... 34 Effect of water depth .................................................................................................... 34 Effect of circulation kill rate......................................................................................... 35 Effect of hole size......................................................................................................... 35 Effect of kick intensity ................................................................................................. 35 Recommendations for well control procedures in ERD wells ..................................... 35 Recommendations for future work ............................................................................... 36 NOMENCLATURE........................................................................................................ 37 REFERENCES................................................................................................................ 38 APPENDIX A: PLANNING A KILL............................................................................. 42 APPENDIX B: WELL CONTROL COMPLICATIONS ............................................... 46 APPENDIX C: CONVERSION OF ANNULAR VELOCITY TO FLOW RATE ....... 50 VITA............................................................................................................................... 51
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