树袋熊 |
2015-03-25 16:54 |
Contents Page Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Normative reference ............................................................................................................................. 1 3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 1 4 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................ 2 5 Procedures for evaluating long-term proppant pack conductivity ................................................. 2 5.1 Objective................................................................................................................................................ 2 5.2 Discussion............................................................................................................................................. 2 6 Reagents and materials ....................................................................................................................... 3 6.1 Test fluid ................................................................................................................................................ 3 6.2 Sandstone.............................................................................................................................................. 3 7 Long-term conductivity test apparatus .............................................................................................. 3 7.1 Test unit ................................................................................................................................................. 3 7.2 Hydraulic load frame ............................................................................................................................ 3 7.3 Pack width measurement device(s) .................................................................................................... 3 7.4 Test fluid drive system......................................................................................................................... 3 7.5 Differential pressure transducers ....................................................................................................... 4 7.6 Back-pressure regulators .................................................................................................................... 4 7.7 Balance .................................................................................................................................................. 4 7.8 Oxygen removal .................................................................................................................................... 4 7.9 Temperature control ............................................................................................................................. 4 7.10 Silica saturation and monitoring......................................................................................................... 5 8 Equipment calibration .......................................................................................................................... 5 8.1 Pressure indicators and flow rates ..................................................................................................... 5 8.2 Zero pack width measurement............................................................................................................ 5 8.3 Determination of cell width.................................................................................................................. 6 8.4 Hydraulic load frame ............................................................................................................................ 6 9 Leak tests .............................................................................................................................................. 6 9.1 Hydraulic load frame ............................................................................................................................ 6 9.2 Test fluid system................................................................................................................................... 6 10 Procedure for loading the cells ........................................................................................................... 6 10.1 Preparation of the test unit .................................................................................................................. 6 10.2 Cell setup............................................................................................................................................... 7 11 Loading cell(s) in the press ................................................................................................................. 9 12 Acquiring data....................................................................................................................................... 9 13 Calculation of permeability and conductivity .................................................................................. 10 14 Data reporting ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Annex A (informative) Conversion factors .................................................................................................... 12 Annex B (normative) Silica-saturation vessel setup .................................................................................... 13 Annex C (informative) Figures ........................................................................................................................ 15 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 24
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