I. Secondary Recovery: Water Flooding and Gas Injection
1. Wettability
2. Capillary Pressure
3. Capillary Pressure and Water Saturation
4. Relative Permeability, Mobility Ratio
5. Fractional Flow and Frontal Advance Equations
6. Waterflood Calculations Diffuse Flow
7. Waterflood Calculations Segregated Flow
8. Waterflood Performance Influencing Factors
9. Waterflood Sweep Efficiencies
10. Waterflood Prediction Methods, Stratified Media
11. 3-D Waterflood Prediction Methods 53
12. Waterflood Prediction Methods, Evaluation 56
13. Waterflood Design Reservoir Considerations 58
14. Waterflood Design Well Pattern Selection 61
15. Waterflood Design Project Timing 63
16. Pilot Flooding 64
17. Water Requirements 66
18. Gas Injection Introduction 67
19. Gas Injection Performance Calculations 69
20. Gas Injection for Pressure Maintenance 75
II. Enhanced Recovery: Miscible Flooding 88
1. Introduction 88
2. Miscible Flooding with Hydrocarbon Fluids 91
3. Miscible Flooding with Carbon Dioxide 94
4. Equilibrium Phase Behavior 94
5. Phase Equilibrium Diagrams 98
6. Phase Behavior in Hydrocarbon Miscible Floods 106
7. Phase Behavior in Carbon Dioxide Floods 117
8. Phase Behavior and Reservoir Heterogeneity 120
9. Fluid Dispersion 122
10. Sweep Efficiency 125
11. Irregular Well Patterns 128
12. Viscous Fingering, Gravity Tonguing 129
13. Reservoir Heterogeneity Effects 132
14. Immiscible Flow Processes in Miscible Floods 136
15. Recovery Estimates Single Well Patterns 149
16. Reservoir Simulator Applications 153
17. Case Studies, Miscible Flood Projects 175
18. Laboratory Testing and Flood Design 182
19. Oil Recovery Calculations 196
20. Phase Equilibrium Calculations 207
21. Fluid Mechanics Calculations 215
22. Immiscible Flood Calculations 219
23. Well-Pattern Sweep Efficiency 236
24. Streamline, Stream-Tube Calculations 247
25. Vertical Sweep Efficiency Models 253
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