Where are there economically recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons?
To answer this question requires understanding geologic processses in a regional context. This means that Petroleum Geology doesn't ask fundamental science questions. Instead, it uses all of the fundamental geologic (and chemical and physical concepts) and applies them to finding oil reserves.
Some of the geologic processes include :
(1) Historical geology (timing of maturation, migration, and trap formation),
(2) Structural and stratigraphic geology- the origin and physical properties of reservoir and source rocks,
(3) Geochemistry- what are hydrocarbons? where do they come from? What are their properties?,
(4) Geophysics- seismics and well logs- subsurface exploration techniques.
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