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Conclusions
*1. The middle Marrat section indicated the presence of hydrocarbons, while the production marginally increased after
matrix stimulation.
*2. The drawdown pressure consistently increased during long shut-in period indicating obstruction (skin) in the flow
path.
*3. The reservoir quality with respect to petrophysical data was found to be poor.
*4. The borehole image logs and other pertinent data exhibited poor fracture network in the reservoir.
*5. The high drawdown pressure combined with petrophysical parameters of the reservoir suggested fracture acidizing
treatment.
*6. The mineralogical analysis showed calcite dominated lithological makeup of the reservoir.
*7. The fracturing treatment was performed using VES pad fluid, 28 wt% emulsified acids and VES diverting acids.
*8. The fracture acidizing resulted in increase of oil production by four folds, and gas production by almost 3 folds.
*9. Stabilization in the production trend in 25 hours could not be achieved yet the production rates were much higher.
*10. The decline in production of HTHP wells will be possible if the failure of asperities occurs.
*11. A procedural mechanism is required to be followed in stimulating HTHP oil wells in deep carbonate reservoirs:
matrix stimulation, fracture acidization then proppant fracturing.
Recommendations
On the basis of this case study following recommendations are made for fracturing the deep HTHP carbonate wells:
*1. Study the reservoir lithology, rock mechanical parameters, petrophysical data (porosity, permeability, wettability),
and fracturing pattern of the reservoir.
*2. Conduct creep test on reservoir rocks prior to executing fracture acidizing treatment. This will help in predicting the
production after fracturing and understanding the reservoir behavior towards high stresses prevailing at the reservoir
due to increased depths.
*3. Analysis of the flowback samples is necessary to further evaluate the acid fracturing treatment.
*4. The stimulation of deep HTHP oil, condensate or gas wells must follow a procedural mechanism, which includes the
sequence - matrix stimulation and fracture acidizing. Proppant fracturing may be considered after monitoring the
production trends for a sufficient period after fracture acidizing.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Ministry of Oil - the State of Kuwait and Management of KOC for permitting to publish this
paper. Thanks go to all individuals involved in the fracturing job. The Inspection & Corrosion Team and Well Surveilance
Team are acknowledged for their cooperation.