为活跃石油外语板块的积极性，决定推出【每日一词】活动 [复制链接]

 为活跃石油外语板块的积极性，决定推出【每日一词】活动                                                                     

                                                                                   @@选文要求@@
每周一词可以选自SPE文章或斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary或其他网页，但是必须提供英文解释和词汇的中文意思
                                                                                    @@格式要求@@
例如
                                   【每日一词】之bit record——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                    bit record钻头记录
A historical record of how a bit performed in a particular wellbore . It includes such data as the depth the bit was put into the well, the distance the bit drilled, the hours the bit was being used "on bottom" or "rotating", the mud type and weight, the nozzle sizes, the weight placed on the bit, the rotating speed and hydraulic flow information. The data are usually updated daily. When the bit is pulled at the end of its use, the condition of the bit and the reason it was pulled out of the hole are also recorded.

                                                                                    @@参与要求@@
1、凡是回帖提供与关键词汇相关的词汇解释的，视情况给予5-10财富奖励（每日一词）
例如
                                   【每日一词】【4.25】之bit record——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                     bit record  钻头记录
A historical record of how a bit performed in a particular wellbore . It includes such data as the depth the bit was put into the well, the distance the bit drilled, the hours the bit was being used "on bottom" or "rotating", the mud type and weight, the nozzle sizes, the weight placed on the bit, the rotating speed and hydraulic flow information. The data are usually updated daily. When the bit is pulled at the end of its use, the condition of the bit and the reason it was pulled out of the hole are also recorded. 
果友回帖与bit相关即可，如
                                   【每日一词】之bit box——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                    bit box  钻头盒子        
A container, usually made of steel and fitted with a sturdy lock, to store drill bits, especially higher cost PDC and diamond bits. These bits are extremely costly but often small in size, so they are prone to theft.
2、为便于管理，果友只需回帖就行，每日保证尽量只在一个帖子下进行回复
3、版主（果友）每个工作日（周一至周五）均可提供第一个词语，果友进行跟帖即可
3、为杜绝投机取巧，每人每天只奖励一次
                                                                                      @@实施时间@@
自2011年4月25日开始

Different cementing Solutions

•Gas Migration Prevention – addressing the potential invasion of gas or liquid from the formation in a manner so that channels are not created in the cemented annular space between the formation and the casing.
•Heavyweight Cement – heavyweight additives are used to increase slurry density for control of highly pressured wells.
•Life of the Well – achieving the optimum balance of chemical and mechanical properties, tensile and compressive strength, that enables the cement sheath to retain integrity throughout drilling, completion, production operations and ultimately abandonment.
•Lightweight Cement – situations with lost-circulation and weak formations with low fracture gradients require the use of low-density cement systems (<15 lb/gal) to reduce the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid column during cement placement.
•Lost Circulation – Not to be confused with a cement slurry volume decrease due to fluid-loss filtration, lost circulation is when a cement slurry (or drilling fluid) does not circulate back to the surface during cementing operations and is instead lost to fractured, vulgar, cavernous or highly-porous formations.
•Plug Cementing – cement plugs are set for a variety of reasons, most commonly for abandonment, temporary abandonment, testing, sidetracking, lost-circulation control, or remedial work.
•Self-Healing Cement – Halliburton offers a class of expanding cement that works on the premise that the migrating fluids react with the cement, causing it to respond by expanding to automatically seal the flow path, helping prevent further fluid migration.
•Squeeze Cementing – An operation involving the injection of cement into a problematic section of the well at a desired location.  
•Tuned® Cements / Slurries – Halliburton’s continuous advancements in cementing technology includes families of slurries designed to mitigate major wellbore-condition challenges facing the industry.  
•Unconventional Reservoir Wells – To help improve well economics in unconventional reservoirs it is important to evaluate wellbore architecture – including the cement sheath – as integral to well performance and total recovery.

【每日一词】之Igneous ——摘自http://en.wikipedia.org                                                
                                                    Igneous:火成岩
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word igneus meaning of fire, from ignis meaning fire) is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic rock. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. Igneous rock may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.

【每日一词】之rolling cutter bit ——摘自SPE
                                                rolling cutter bit ：牙轮钻头
The utility model discloses a rolling cutter bit with thrust bearing on which some spiral grooves machined providing the improvement of the rolling cutter bit with thrust bearing of the downhole well drilling tool. The thrust bearing is characterized in that a plurality of spiral blind grooves are arranged on the thrusting face of the axis of the tooth claw from outside to inside.

很不错，常用的就好了。

【每日一词】之kelly——摘自SPE
                                                kelly：方钻杆
    pipe also transmits the rotary motion to the bit from a turntable at the surface. The top piece of the drill pipe is a tube of square (or occasionally six- or eight-sided) cross section called the kelly. The kelly passes through a similarly shaped hole in the turntable. At the bottom end of the drill pipe are extra-heavy sections called drill collars, which serve to concentrate the weight on.

【每日一词】之aquifer、hydrogeology——摘自SPE
                                                                    aquifer：含水层
                                  hydrogeology：水文地质学
    An aquifer is a wet underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. The study of water flow in aquifers and the characterization of aquifers is called hydrogeology.

【每日一词】之relative permeability ——摘自SPE
                                                                    relative permeability  ： 相对渗透率
In multiphase flow in porous media, the relative permeability of a phase is a dimensionless measure of the effective permeability of that phase. It is the ratio of the effective permeability of that phase to the absolute permeability. It can be viewed as an adaptation of Darcy's law to multiphase flow.

【每日一词】之gooseneck——摘自SPE
                                                                    gooseneck ： 鹅颈管
The gooseneck is the swivel connection on a sailboat by which the boom attaches to the mast. The boom moves from side to side and up and down by swiveling on the gooseneck.The gooseneck may be a two axis swivel. Having an integrated shackle for the tack is common. Goosenecks on older rigs may be formed by a loop attached to the end of the boom that fits loosely about the mast.

【每日一词】之Inflow Control Devices  ——摘自SPE
                                                          Inflow Control Devices：入流控制器
Inflow Control Devices（ICD） are special completion components that while allowing flow between the annulus
and the tubing place some type of restriction on this flow. Normally the restriction is a pressure drop. These
devices are commonly used to even out the pressure drop along a horizontal well to delay gas/water conning.