为活跃石油外语板块的积极性，决定推出【每日一词】活动 [复制链接]

 为活跃石油外语板块的积极性，决定推出【每日一词】活动                                                                     

                                                                                   @@选文要求@@
每周一词可以选自SPE文章或斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary或其他网页，但是必须提供英文解释和词汇的中文意思
                                                                                    @@格式要求@@
例如
                                   【每日一词】之bit record——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                    bit record钻头记录
A historical record of how a bit performed in a particular wellbore . It includes such data as the depth the bit was put into the well, the distance the bit drilled, the hours the bit was being used "on bottom" or "rotating", the mud type and weight, the nozzle sizes, the weight placed on the bit, the rotating speed and hydraulic flow information. The data are usually updated daily. When the bit is pulled at the end of its use, the condition of the bit and the reason it was pulled out of the hole are also recorded.

                                                                                    @@参与要求@@
1、凡是回帖提供与关键词汇相关的词汇解释的，视情况给予5-10财富奖励（每日一词）
例如
                                   【每日一词】【4.25】之bit record——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                     bit record  钻头记录
A historical record of how a bit performed in a particular wellbore . It includes such data as the depth the bit was put into the well, the distance the bit drilled, the hours the bit was being used "on bottom" or "rotating", the mud type and weight, the nozzle sizes, the weight placed on the bit, the rotating speed and hydraulic flow information. The data are usually updated daily. When the bit is pulled at the end of its use, the condition of the bit and the reason it was pulled out of the hole are also recorded. 
果友回帖与bit相关即可，如
                                   【每日一词】之bit box——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                                                                    bit box  钻头盒子        
A container, usually made of steel and fitted with a sturdy lock, to store drill bits, especially higher cost PDC and diamond bits. These bits are extremely costly but often small in size, so they are prone to theft.
2、为便于管理，果友只需回帖就行，每日保证尽量只在一个帖子下进行回复
3、版主（果友）每个工作日（周一至周五）均可提供第一个词语，果友进行跟帖即可
3、为杜绝投机取巧，每人每天只奖励一次
                                                                                      @@实施时间@@
自2011年4月25日开始

【每日一词】之bit box——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                    bit breaker   钻头装卸器

A special tool used by the rig crew to prevent the drill bit from turning while the bit sub on top of it is tightened or loosened. Bits have noncylindrical shapes, so the conventional wrenches used by the rig crew to tighten cylindrical shapes like pipes do not fit the bits properly. In addition, some bits, such as PDC bits, have a wide range of unusual and asymmetric shapes or profiles. The bit breaker must match the bit profile or the bit may be ruined before ever being used.

这个方法不错，先报个到吧

【每日一词】之bit nozzle——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
bit nozzle钻头喷嘴

1.  n.  [Drilling]
The part of the bit that includes a hole or opening for drilling fluid to exit. The hole is usually small (around 0.25 in. in diameter) and the pressure of the fluid inside the bit is usually high, leading to a high exit velocity through the nozzles that creates a high-velocity jet below the nozzles. This high-velocity jet of fluid cleans both the bit teeth and the bottom of the hole. The sizes of the nozzles are usually measured in 1/32-in. increments (although some are recorded in millimeters), are always reported in "thirty-seconds" of size (i.e., fractional denominators are not reduced), and usually range from 6/32 to 32/32.

【每日一词】之rotary drilling——摘自斯伦贝谢网站的Oilfield Glossary
                                    rotary drilling   旋转钻进
A method of making hole that relies on continuous circular motion of the bit to break rock at the bottom of the hole. This method, made popular after the discovery of the East Texas Field by "Dad" Joiner in 1930, is much more efficient than the alternative, cable tool drilling. Rotary drilling is a nearly continuous process, because cuttings are removed as drilling fluids circulate through the bit and up the wellbore to the surface. Cable tool operations are discontinuous and cuttings removal is inefficient. This difference in efficiency becomes particularly significant as hole depth increases.

好，以后一定经常参与！

【每日一词】之 PDC bit——摘自其他
                PDC bit：聚晶金刚石复合片钻头              

When cementing the 133/8-in. casing,the top wiper plug did not bump because of a failed drillpipe wiper dart.A cleanout run was performed, and the 133/8-in. casing was pressure tested to 345 bar against a deep-set mechanical plug. After the 133/8-in. casing was cemented in place, the 133/8×20-in. annulus was fractured for future cuttings injection.
121/4×131/2-in. Hole Section: 2820 to 7415 m. The drilling BHA was a 121/4-in. PDC bit, a 9-in. RSS with inclination-hold feature, an 8-in. Compensated dual resistivity with gamma ray tool MWD tool, and a 121/4×131/2-in.underreamer. This BHA drilled 4595 m in one run. The hole was opened to 131/2 in. to increase the margins for running the long 103/4-in. liner. Good performance was obtained from the RSS with respect to the inclination hold setting. The nudge command was very accurate. At section total depth(TD), the well was only 4.5 m away from the planned trajectory. No shocks were recorded while drilling, and the stick/slips were also maintained at a minimum.
Simulations and risk evaluations concluded that liner flotation was not required. Detailed friction analyses were performed, with both internal and external resources, to prove that the liner could be run conventionally. To verify the drag simulations, three other Visund wells above 7000 m MD were analyzed and calibrated for friction factors.

顶！！！

【每日一词】之 dewpoint——摘自SPE
               dewpoint：露点

As the well flowing bottomhole pressure falls below the dewpoint, liquid dropout occurs in gas condensate reservoirs. Gas condensate well behavior is unique in a sense that it is characterized by severe loss of well deliverability. Thus well productivity and gas re-injection are two among the critical issues in development of many gas condensate reservoirs,particularly for the high condensate yield cases.

【每日一词】之 pressure gradient ——摘自SPE
                pressure gradient ：压力梯度
A normally pressured reservoir will have an initial pressure gradient between 0.43 and 0.50 psi/ft.Reservoirs with pressure gradients greater than this are abnormally pressured.in the Gulf Coast area of Louisiana and Texas, pressure gradients can be very close to overburden pressure gradients with some of the gas reservoirs having gradients of 0 .85 psi/ft.or higher.